Your small intestine is affected by celiac disease. The majority of the nutrients in your diet, including gluten-containing proteins, are absorbed here. However, gluten in your small intestine causes an immunological reaction if you have celiac disease. To break down the gluten molecules, your immune system releases antibodies and inflammatory cells. The mucosa, or mucous membrane, that lines your small intestine is harmed by these cells. Although the mucosa lining your small intestine is large, it is coiled into numerous folds and projections that resemble fingers, known as villi. It would cover a tennis court if you extended it completely. To absorb as many nutrients as possible during digestion, the folds and projections expand the surface area. However, the celiac disease-induced immune cells degrade and flatten these projections, reducing their surface area.
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